Sciurus carolinensis

J. F. Gmelin, 1788

Eastern Gray Squirrel

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Euarchontoglires
Order : Rodentia
Suborder : Sciuromorpha
Family : Sciuridae
Subfamily : Sciurinae
Tribe : Sciurini
Genus : Sciurus
Subgenus : Neosciurus

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Gmelin, J.F. 1788-07-25. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig, 500 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751368

Original name as described

Sciurus carolinensis

Type locality

"Carolina."

Biogeographic realm

Nearctic

Country distribution

Canada · United States

Subregion distribution

USA(ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI,NY,PA,NJ,DE,MD,DC,VA,WV,OH,MI,IN,IL,KY,WI,MN,ND,IA,NE,KS,MO,NC,SC,TN,GA,FL,AL,MS,LA,AR,OK,TX)

Taxonomy notes

under a new proposed taxonomic arrangement for Sciurini, S. carolinensis would be moved to the genus Neosciurus; this arrangement is tentatively not followed here pending further investigation

Taxonomy notes citation

Patton, J. L., Pardiñas, U. F., & D'Elía, G. (2015). Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents (Vol. 2). University of Chicago Press. · de Abreu-Jr, E. F., Pavan, S. E., Tsuchiya, M. T., Wilson, D. E., Percequillo, A. R., & Maldonado, J. E. (2020). Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 20, 1-77. · de Abreu-Jr, E. F., Pavan, S. E., Tsuchiya, M. T., Wilson, D. E., Percequillo, A. R., & Maldonado, J. E. (2020). Spatiotemporal diversification of tree squirrels: is the South American invasion and speciation really that recent and fast?. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 230.

IUCN Red List status

Least Concern

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001680

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Sciurus carolinensis extimus

Bangs, 1896

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

extimus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

MCZ:Mamm:BANGS-4519

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Mamm:BANGS-4519

Authority page

158

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2328678

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus carolinensis hypophaeus

C. H. Merriam, 1886

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

hypophaeus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:193864

Type kind

lectotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/345025712-0e87-4003-9fee-9d8888fb3a88

Authority page

351

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44008124

Authority publication

Science

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus carolinensis matecumbei

H. H. Bailey, 1937

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

matecumbei

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Type

USNM:MAMM:347444

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3367d643c-b97d-4d88-9249-66c5203406eb

Authority page

516

Authority publication

Journal of Mammalogy

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus carolinensis minutus

H. H. Bailey, 1937

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

minutus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Type

USNM:MAMM:347444

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3367d643c-b97d-4d88-9249-66c5203406eb

Authority page

4

Authority publication

Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus fuliginosus

Bachman, 1839

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

fuliginosus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

97

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571158

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

Lesson (1842:108) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis

F. W. True, 1885

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

carolinensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

595

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

  1. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  3. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus carolinensis leucotis

F. W. True, 1885

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

leucotis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

595

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)

Sciurus carolinensis fuliginosus

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

fuliginosus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus carolinensis pennsylvanicus

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

pennsylvanicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus carolinensis

J. F. Gmelin, 1788

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

carolinensis

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

148

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751368

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Fischer (1814:vi, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130067) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  2. Godman (1826:131, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165829) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)
  3. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  4. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  5. Thomas (1898:933, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30988174) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35378)
  6. Moore (1959:203) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/6420)
  7. Corbet & Hill (1980:129) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  8. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:363) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  9. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  10. Happold (2013:92) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/27625)
  11. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:742) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)
  12. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #42462) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  13. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #42462) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  14. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001680) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  15. Schmidly, Bradley, Yancey & Bradley (2024:48) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67259)
  16. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/42462/22245728) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Sciurus hiemalis

G. Ord, 1815

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

hiemalis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

292, 304

Authority publication

Philadelphia

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus pennsylvanica

G. Ord, 1815

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

pennsylvanicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

292

Authority publication

Philadelphia

Sciurus caroliniensis

A. G. Desmarest, 1817

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

caroliniensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

101

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18038442

Authority publication

Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle

Sciurus leucotis

Gapper, 1830

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

leucotis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

206

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13380890

Authority publication

Zoological Journal

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1842:107) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  2. Blyth (1863:105, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534786) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  3. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus migratorius

Audubon & Bachman, 1849

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

migratorius

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

265

Authority publication

New York

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Macroxus carolinensis var. major

(J. E. Gray, 1867)

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

major

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

426

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22222898

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Macroxus carolinensis var. minor

(J. E. Gray, 1867)

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

minor

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

426

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22222898

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

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