Sciurus niger

Linnaeus, 1758

Eastern Fox Squirrel

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Euarchontoglires
Order : Rodentia
Suborder : Sciuromorpha
Family : Sciuridae
Subfamily : Sciurinae
Tribe : Sciurini
Genus : Sciurus
Subgenus : Parasciurus

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033875

Original name as described

Sciurus niger

Other common names

Bryant's Fox Squirrel · Cat Squirrel · Delmarva Fox Squirrel · Fox Squirrel · Stump-eared Squirrel · Western Fox Squirrel · Big Cypress Fox Squirrel

Type locality

"in America septentrionalis." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to southern South Carolina, USA.

Biogeographic realm

Nearctic

Country distribution

Canada · United States · Mexico

Subregion distribution

USA(TX,AL,TN,DE,KS,SC,LA,FL,IA,SD,CO,AR,MN,GA,NY,NC,MD,NE,OK,ND,MS,IL,KY,MO,VA,IN,PA,OH,MI,WI,WV,DC?)

Taxonomy notes

under a new proposed taxonomic arrangement for Sciurini, S. niger (along with S. arizonensis, S. nayaritensis, S. alleni, and S. oculatus) would be moved to the genus Parasciurus; this arrangement is tentatively not followed here pending further investigation

Taxonomy notes citation

Patton, J. L., Pardiñas, U. F., & D'Elía, G. (2015). Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents (Vol. 2). University of Chicago Press. · de Abreu-Jr, E. F., Pavan, S. E., Tsuchiya, M. T., Wilson, D. E., Percequillo, A. R., & Maldonado, J. E. (2020). Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 20, 1-77. · de Abreu-Jr, E. F., Pavan, S. E., Tsuchiya, M. T., Wilson, D. E., Percequillo, A. R., & Maldonado, J. E. (2020). Spatiotemporal diversification of tree squirrels: is the South American invasion and speciation really that recent and fast?. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 230.

IUCN Red List status

Least Concern

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001692

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Sciurus niger bachmani

Lowery & W. B. Davis, 1942

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

bachmani

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

LSUMZ:Mamm:1565

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://portal.vertnet.org/o/lsumz/mammals?id=urn-catalog-lsumz-mammals-1565

Authority page

157

Authority publication

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus ludovicianus vicinus

Bangs, 1896

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

vicinus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

MCZ:Mamm:BANGS-5215

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Mamm:BANGS-5215

Authority page

150

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2328686

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus texianus

Bachman, 1839

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

texianus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

MNHN 452

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

86

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571147

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus rufiventer

É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

rufiventer

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

MNHN 656

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

176

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

  1. Rafinesque (1817:362) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35234)
  2. Godman (1826:141, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165841) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)
  3. Lesson (1827:233, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207701) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  4. Lesson (1842:108) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Sciurus niger shermani

J. C. Moore, 1956

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

shermani

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

UF:MAM:483

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://portal.vertnet.org/o/uf/mammals?id=c5b4df20-51ee-428c-8303-cd61ff520e1c

Authority page

56

Authority publication

The American Midland Naturalist

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus cinereus

Linnaeus, 1758

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

cinereus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

UMMZ 58158

Type kind

neotype

Authority page

64

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033875

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:418, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873215) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Daudin (1802:171, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033421) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64044)
  3. Fischer (1814:vi, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130067) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  4. Godman (1826:129, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165827) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)
  5. Lesson (1827:232, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207700) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  6. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)

Sciurus niger avicennia

A. H. Howell, 1919

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

avicennia

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:231498

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e975c17b-9725-4332-a9cd-ecf4febec9e1

Authority page

37

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52848000

Authority publication

Journal of Mammalogy

Name usages

Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger bryanti

H. H. Bailey, 1920

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

bryanti

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:347443

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/34f647472-de57-4802-9294-fd1e4e490652

Authority page

1

Authority publication

Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus limitis

S. F. Baird, 1855

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

limitis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:351 (= USNM:MAMM:A1265)

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/30c2932ed-b61c-47b0-9db5-1a2368e6a16b

Authority page

331

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1694445

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Macroxus neglectus

(J. E. Gray, 1867)

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

neglectus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

425

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22222897

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus Macroureus

Godman, 1826

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

macroureus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

134

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165834

Authority publication

Philadelphia

Name usages

Godman (1826:134, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165834) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)

Macroxus Texianus

(Lesson, 1842)

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

texianus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

112

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

Lesson (1842:112) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Sciurus niger cinereus

F. W. True, 1885

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

cinereus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

595

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

  1. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  3. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger ludovicianus

F. W. True, 1885

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

ludovicianus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

595

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

  1. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  3. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger niger

F. W. True, 1885

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

niger

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

595

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

  1. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  3. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger avicinnia

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

avicinnia

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

762

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005:762) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus niger limitis

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

limitis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

raviventer

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

raviventer

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

760

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005:760) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus niger rufiventer

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

rufiventer

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger subauratus

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

subauratus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger vulpinus

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

vulpinus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  2. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)

Sciurus niger

Linnaeus, 1758

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

niger

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

64

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033875

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:417, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873214) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Fischer (1814:vi, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130067) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  3. Godman (1826:133, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165833) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)
  4. Lesson (1827:235, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207703) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  5. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  6. True (1885:595, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306389) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  7. Thomas (1898:933, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30988174) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35378)
  8. Moore (1959:203) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/6420)
  9. Corbet & Hill (1980:129) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  10. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:365) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  11. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)
  12. Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier (2016:743) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59599)
  13. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #20016) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  14. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #20016) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  15. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001692) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  16. Schmidly, Bradley, Yancey & Bradley (2024:48) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67259)
  17. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20016/115155257) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Sciurus vulpinus

J. F. Gmelin, 1788

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

vulpinus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

147

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751367

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Fischer (1814:vi, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130067) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  2. Godman (1826:128, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49165826) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67021)

Sciurus capistratus

Bosc, 1802

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

capistratus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

145

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5495146

Authority publication

Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris (1791-1805)

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:232, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207700) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  3. Lesson (1842:106) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  4. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus ludovicianus

Custis, 1806

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

ludovicianus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

47

Authority publication

Jour. Med. Phys. Philadelphia

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:234, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207702) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Lesson (1842:108) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Sciurus ruber

Rafinesque, 1820

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

ruber

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

4

Authority publication

Annals of Nature

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:234, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207702) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus macroura

Say in James, 1823

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

macrourus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

115 (footnote)

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40216539

Authority publication

Philadelphia

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1842:107) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus magnicaudatus

Harlan, 1825

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

magnicaudatus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

178

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3194280

Authority publication

Philadelphia

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:235, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207703) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)

Sciurus rafiventer

H. Lichtenstein, 1830

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

rafiventer

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

116

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29683792

Authority publication

Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin

Sciurus Auduboni

Bachman, 1839

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

auduboni

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

97

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571158

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1842:108) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  2. Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus subauratus

Bachman, 1839

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

subauratus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

87

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30571148

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

Lesson (1842:108) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Sciurus rubicaudatus

Audubon & Bachman, 1851

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

rubicaudatus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

30

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53475353

Authority publication

New York

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

Sciurus sayii

Audubon & Bachman, 1851

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

sayii

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

274

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53475632

Authority publication

New York

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

magnificaudatus

Thorington & R. S. Hoffmann, 2005

Family

Sciuridae

Root name

magnificaudatus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

762

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Thorington & Hoffmann (2005:762) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8554)

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