Lycalopex gymnocerca

(G. Fischer, 1814)

Pampas Fox

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Carnivora
Suborder : Caniformia
Infraorder : Canoidea
Family : Canidae
Genus : Lycalopex

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Fischer, G. 1814. Zoognosia. Volumen III. Quadrupeda reliqua. Ceti. Monotrymata. Nicolai Sergeidis Vsevolozsky, Moscow, 732 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130072 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130263

Original name as described

Procyon gymnocercus

Other common names

Azara's Fox

Type locality

Paraguay.

Biogeographic realm

Neotropic

Country distribution

Brazil · Bolivia · Paraguay · Uruguay · Argentina

Taxonomy notes

there is considerable confusion regarding the species boundaries between L. griseus and L. gymnocercus, with some studies supporting a single species, two traditional species, or two species that don't match the current distribution of either species; both species are retained here until more conclusive studies are available; Lycalopex has priority over Pseudalopex, although some publications use Pseudalopex

Taxonomy notes citation

Chemisquy, M. A., Prevosti, F. J., Martínez, P., Raimondi, V., Cabello Stom, J. E., Acosta-Jamett, G., & Montoya-Burgos, J. I. (2019). How many species of grey foxes (Canidae, Carnivora) are there in southern South America?. Mastozoología Neotropical, 26(1). · Favarini, M. O., Simão, T. L., Macedo, G. S., Garcez, F. S., Oliveira, L. R., Cárdenas-Alayza, S., ... & Eizirik, E. (2022). Complex evolutionary history of the South American fox genus Lycalopex (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) inferred from multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Diversity, 14(8), 642.

IUCN Red List status

Not Evaluated

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005957

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Pseudalopex azarica

(O. Thomas, 1914)

Family

Canidae

Root name

azarica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1912.2.17.3

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/0a9892da-53eb-47d9-aff3-98e6315cd757

Authority page

360

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15818597

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Pseudalopex zorrula

(O. Thomas, 1921)

Family

Canidae

Root name

zorrula

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1918.11.11.85

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b4212dba-c703-49e3-b11f-940ef64c1244

Authority page

383

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15626806

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Dusicyon gymnocercus lordi

(Massoia, 1982)

Family

Canidae

Root name

lordi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

CFA-MA-4416

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

149

Authority publication

Neotrópica

Canis incertus

(d'Orbigny & Laurillard, 1842)

Family

Canidae

Root name

incerta

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

MNHN PAM-290

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

141

Authority publication

Paris

Dusicyon gymnocercus

(Corbet & J. Edwards Hill, 1980)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocercus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

93

Authority publication

London

Name usages

  1. Corbet & Hill (1980:93) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  2. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:246, 247) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)

Lycalopex gymnocercus antiquus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

antiquus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

argenteus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

argenteus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

580

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005:580) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Lycalopex gymnocercus domeykoanus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

domeykoanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Lycalopex gymnocercus gracilis

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

gracilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Lycalopex gymnocercus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocercus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)
  2. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #400000241) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  3. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000241) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  4. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6928/85371194) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Lycalopex gymnocercus gymnocercus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocercus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Lycalopex gymnocercus maullinicus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

maullinicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Pseudalopex gymnocercus antiquus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

antiquus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

431

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:431) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex griseus domeykoanus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

domeykoanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

430

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:430) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex griseus gracilis

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gracilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

430

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:430) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex gymnocercus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocercus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

431

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:431) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex gymnocercus gymnocercus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocercus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

431

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:431) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex gymnocercus lordi

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

lordi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

431

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:431) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Pseudalopex griseus maullinicus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

maullinicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

430

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:430) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Lycalopex gymnocerca

Mammal Diversity Database, 2024

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocerca

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination · unpublished_electronic

Authority page URI

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005957

Name usages

Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005957) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)

Procyon gymnocercus

(G. Fischer, 1814)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gymnocerca

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

xi, 178

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130072 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130263

Authority publication

Moscow

Name usages

Fischer (1814:xi, 178, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130072, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130263) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)

Canis brasiliensis

(H. R. Schinz, 1821)

Family

Canidae

Root name

brasiliensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

220

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51528981

Authority publication

Stuttgart

Name usages

  1. Cuvier (1842:3, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518526) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  2. Ihering (1911:211, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10798729) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37348)
  3. Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis protalopex

(P. W. Lund, 1839)

Family

Canidae

Root name

protalopex

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

232

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13394382

Authority publication

Annales des sciences naturelles

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis protalopex

(P. W. Lund, 1840)

Family

Canidae

Root name

protalopex

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

265, 270

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13603037 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13603042

Authority publication

Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter

Name usages

Lesson (1842:42) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Canis Azaræ

(Gay, 1847)

Family

Canidae

Root name

azarae

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

misidentification

Authority page

61

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26256509

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis gracilis

(Burmeister, 1861)

Family

Canidae

Root name

gracilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

406

Authority publication

Halle

Name usages

  1. Lahille (1899:180, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35147046) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37834)
  2. Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis patagonicus

(R. A. Philippi, 1866)

Family

Canidae

Root name

patagonica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

116

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7060617

Authority publication

Archiv für Naturgeschichte

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes fossilis

(F. Ameghino, 1875)

Family

Canidae

Root name

fossilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

528

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12464625

Authority publication

Journal de Zoologie

Canis azarae, m. fossilis

(H. F. P. Gervais & F. Ameghino, 1880)

Family

Canidae

Root name

fossilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

36

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40470399

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis Azarae m. antiquus

(F. Ameghino, 1889)

Family

Canidae

Root name

antiqua

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

298

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51769817

Authority publication

Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina

Canis domeykoanus

(R. A. Philippi, 1901)

Family

Canidae

Root name

domeykoana

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

168

Authority publication

Anales de la Universidad de Chile

Canis maullinicus

(R. A. Philippi, 1903)

Family

Canidae

Root name

maullinica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

158

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15069243

Authority publication

Archiv für Naturgeschichte

Canis torquatus

(R. A. Philippi, 1903)

Family

Canidae

Root name

torquata

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

159

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15069244

Authority publication

Archiv für Naturgeschichte

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis trichodactylus

(R. A. Philippi, 1903)

Family

Canidae

Root name

trichodactyla

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

158

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15069243

Authority publication

Archiv für Naturgeschichte

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis griseus

(Wolffsohn & C. E. Porter, 1908)

Family

Canidae

Root name

griseus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

misidentification

Authority page

76

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47517270

Authority publication

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Pseudalopex domeycoanus

(Wolffsohn, 1921)

Family

Canidae

Root name

domeycoanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

514

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14633160

Authority publication

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis cinereo argenteus

(Larrañaga, 1923)

Family

Canidae

Root name

cinereoargenteus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

misidentification

Authority page

344

Authority publication

Montevideo

Pseudalopex gymnocercus attenuatus

(L. Kraglievich, 1930)

Family

Canidae

Root name

attenuata

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

54

Authority publication

Physis

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Ducicyon griseus domeicoanus

(Mann, 1950)

Family

Canidae

Root name

domeicoanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

5

Authority publication

Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas

Canis Azarae, m. antiguus

(Zunino, Vaccaro, Canevari, & A. L. Gardner, 1995)

Family

Canidae

Root name

antiguus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

740

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34572578

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Please send any edits, corrections, or unfilled data (including full citations) to mammaldiversity [at] gmail [dot] com.