Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775

Onager

Full side view of male. Also as Asian Wild Ass.
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Location:Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle Zoological GardenDate taken:Jan 1, 1981Description : Full side view of male. Also as Asian Wild Ass.

Distribution :

Formerly much of Mongolia, north to Transbaikalia (Russia); east to NE Inner Mongolia (China) and possibly W Manchuria (China); and west to Dzhungarian Gate. Survives in SW and SC Mongolia and adjacent China; see Sokolov and Orlov (1980:248). Also formerly Kazakhstan north to upper Irtysh and Ural Rivers (Russia); westward north of the Caucasus and Black Sea at least to Dniestr River (Ukraine); Anatolia, Syria, and SE of Caspian Sea in N Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to Thar Desert of NW India; survives as isolated populations in Rann of Kutch (India), Badkhys Preserve, Turkmenistan, and C Iran; also reestablished on Barsa-Khelmes Isl (Aral Sea, Uzbekistan); until 17th-18th centuries in Armenia and Azerbaidjan.

Image courtesy of the ASM Mammal Images Library · MIL ID: 861

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Perissodactyla
Suborder : Hippomorpha
Family : Equidae
Subfamily : Equinae
Tribe : Equini
Genus : Equus
Subgenus : Hemionus

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Pallas, P.S. 1775. Equus hemionus, mongolis dshikketaei dictus. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19:394-417.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977072

Original name as described

Equus hemionus

Other common names

Asian Wild Ass · Gobi Kulan · Mongolian Kulan · Persian Onager · Syrian Onager

Type material

untraced (number not known)

Type kind

nonexistent

Type locality

North-eastern boundary of Mongolia with Russia, Transbaikalia, S. Chitinsk, 50° N, 115° E.

Biogeographic realm

Palearctic

Country distribution

Israel · Iran · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Kazakhstan · Pakistan? · India · China · Mongolia

Taxonomy notes

includes hemippus and khur, which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab

Taxonomy notes citation

Groves, C.P. and Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 309 pp. doi:10.56021/9781421400938

IUCN Red List status

Near Threatened

Species Permalink

https://mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006125

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Known distribution is shown in green and predicted distribution is in yellow. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

KnownPredicted distribution

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details.

Total: 32 names and synonyms.

Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionus

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

untraced (number not known)

Type kind

nonexistent

Authority page

394

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977072

Authority publication

Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae

Name usages

  1. Gmelin (1788:210, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751430) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35943)
  2. Kerr (1792:342, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38664370) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36283)
  3. Shaw (1801:427, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19633011) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37621)
  4. Turton (1802:122, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25772978) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69249)
  5. Treviranus (1802:222, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11026088) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/72409)
  6. Treviranus (1803:179, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11028207) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/41587)
  7. Pallas (1811:5, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29113938) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37182)
  8. Fischer (1814:xviii, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130079) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  9. Illiger (1815:63, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11080919) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38688)
  10. Voigt (1819:421) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69477)
  11. Muirhead (1819:467, 468) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69481)
  12. Muirhead (1819:468) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69481)
  13. Hemprich (1820:38) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69417)
  14. Desmarest (1822:412, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39521856) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36189)
  15. Lesson (1827:346, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207813) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  16. Fischer (1829:430) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59856)
  17. Burnett (1830:352, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3909462) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/44017)
  18. Eichwald (1831:351, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35753016) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67585)
  19. Ogilby (1839:lxxi, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2912386) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67483)
  20. Blyth (1840:84, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2354156) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67517)
  21. Blyth (1840:134, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49918348) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67419)
  22. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  23. Lesson (1842:166) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  24. Gistel (1848:269, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25781154) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69572)
  25. Giebel (1855:382, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45548573) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38563)
  26. Blainville (1855:29, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57986950) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37133)
  27. Radde (1861:687, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11850877) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68932)
  28. Radde (1862:293, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16012771) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68933)
  29. Blyth (1863:136, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534817) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  30. Murray (1866:331, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15580327) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39798)
  31. Owen (1870:541, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54081943) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67583)
  32. Sclater (1872:82, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17037859) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/61617)
  33. Severtsov (1873:62) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68449)
  34. Lydekker (1882:71) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38323)
  35. Trouessart (1898:794, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53436005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59286)
  36. Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951:341, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8722642) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/31900)
  37. Kurtén (1968:151) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/5363)
  38. Corbet & Hill (1980:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  39. Eisenmann (1981:145) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/20909)
  40. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:309) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  41. Qumsiyeh (1985:85, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55505622) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/43508)
  42. Corbet & Hill (1991:124) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63070)
  43. Grubb (1993:370) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69013)
  44. Baryshnikov (2002:63) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/5389)
  45. Groves (2002:98) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/4656)
  46. Groves (2003:344, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48602926) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9601)
  47. Pichardo (2004:15) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/10963)
  48. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  49. O'Brien, Menninger & Nash (2006:666) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/7321)
  50. Smith & Xie (2008:450) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64149)
  51. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  52. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  53. Groves & Grubb (2011:15) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  54. Asperen, Stefaniak, Proskurnyak & Ridush (2012:25) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/27481)
  55. Pavlinov & Lissovsky (2012:385) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/34448)
  56. Rosenbom, Costa, Chen, Khalatbari, Yusefi, Abdukadir, Yangzom, Kebede, Teclai, Yohannes, Hagos, Moehlman & Beja-Pereira (2015:88) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/23582)
  57. Plasteeva, Vasiliev & Kosintsev (2015:187) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/34084)
  58. Prado & Alberdi (2017:80) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/31668)
  59. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #7951) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  60. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #7951) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  61. Boulbes & van Asperen (2019:2) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/58341)
  62. Sam (2020:73) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/51254)
  63. Eisenmann (2022:6) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/58342)
  64. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006125) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  65. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7951/166520460) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Equus Asinus ferus

Erxleben, 1777

Family

Equidae

Root name

ferus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

212

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873009

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:212, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873009) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Borowski (1780:52, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28347186) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67759)
  3. Gmelin (1788:211, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751431) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35943)
  4. Kerr (1792:343, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38664371) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36283)
  5. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus Hemionius

N. G. Leske, 1779

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionius

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

187

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Leske (1779:187) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69307)
  2. Borowski (1780:51, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28347185) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67759)
  3. Zimmermann (1783:160) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69242)
  4. Schinz (1821:363, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51529124) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37604)

Equus Hemionos

Boddaert, 1785

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionos

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

159

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230123

Authority publication

Rotterdam

Name usages

  1. Boddaert (1785:159, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230123) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35384)
  2. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus Onager

Boddaert, 1785

Family

Equidae

Root name

onager

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

160

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230124

Authority publication

Rotterdam

Name usages

  1. Boddaert (1785:160, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230124) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35384)
  2. Treviranus (1803:183, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11028211) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/41587)
  3. Eversmann (1840:56, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44036606) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68659)
  4. Blyth (1863:135, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534816) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  5. Murray (1866:331, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15580327) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39798)
  6. Jerdon (1867:236, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37300075) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68353)
  7. Stoliczka (1872:228, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37137944) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67309)
  8. Sclater (1872:81, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17037858) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/61617)
  9. Lydekker (1882:72) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38323)
  10. Trouessart (1898:795, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53436006) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59286)
  11. Kurtén (1968:152) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/5363)
  12. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:309) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  13. Grubb (1993:370) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69013)
  14. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Asinus Hemionus

(J. E. Gray, 1824)

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

244

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27570971

Authority publication

Zoological Journal

Name usages

  1. Gray (1824:244, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27570971) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68399)
  2. Gray (1852:272, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956685) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35535)
  3. Sclater (1862:163, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31577195) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67745)
  4. Przheval'skiy (1883:39) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68941)
  5. Reichenau (1915:127) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67579)

Equus khur

Lesson, 1827

Family

Equidae

Root name

khur

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

347

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207814

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:347, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207814) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Groves (2002:100) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/4656)
  3. Groves (2003:344, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48602926) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9601)
  4. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  5. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:@unnumbered) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  6. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000579) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)

Asinus hamar

(C. H. Smith, 1841)

Family

Equidae

Root name

hamar

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

351

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33873147

Authority publication

Edinburgh

Name usages

  1. Giebel (1855:382, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45548573) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38563)
  2. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Asinus Onager

(J. E. Gray, 1852)

Family

Equidae

Root name

onager

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

269

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956682

Authority publication

British Museum Catalogue

Name usages

  1. Gray (1852:269, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956682) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35535)
  2. Gray (1869:269, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8397188) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37331)
  3. Przheval'skiy (1883:39) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/68941)
  4. Satunin (1905:37) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/69041)

Equus hemippus

I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemippus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type kind

syntypes

Authority page

1217

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13835331

Authority publication

Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences

Name usages

  1. Murray (1866:331, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15580327) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39798)
  2. Sclater (1872:81, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17037858) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/61617)
  3. Trouessart (1898:796, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53436007) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/59286)
  4. Groves (2002:100) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/4656)
  5. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  6. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:@unnumbered) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  7. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000578) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)

22 more names and synonyms available — use the desktop version to see them all.

Please send any edits, corrections, or unfilled data (including full citations) to mammaldiversity [at] gmail [dot] com.