Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775

Onager

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Perissodactyla
Suborder : Hippomorpha
Family : Equidae
Genus : Equus

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Pallas, P.S. 1775. _Equus Hemionus_, Mongolis Dshikketaei Dictus. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 19:394-417.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977072

Original name as described

Equus hemionus

Other common names

Asian Wild Ass · Gobi Kulan · Mongolian Kulan · Persian Onager · Syrian Onager

Type locality

North-eastern boundary of Mongolia with Russia, Transbaikalia, S. Chitinsk, 50° N, 115° E.

Biogeographic realm

Palearctic

Country distribution

Israel · Iran · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Kazakhstan · Pakistan? · India · China · Mongolia

Taxonomy notes

includes hemippus and khur, which were considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011; for additional information regarding the MDD's decision to not follow the Groves & Grubb 2011 Ungulate Taxonomy, see 'Subjective decisions' on the 'About' tab

Taxonomy notes citation

Groves, C. P. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.

IUCN Red List status

Near Threatened

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006125

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Known distribution is shown in green and predicted distribution is in yellow. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Microhippus hemionus blanfordi

(Pocock, 1947)

Family

Equidae

Root name

blanfordi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1891.5.13.1

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/fb9ab117-fe5a-4fec-839e-0d848c40f26a

Authority page

143

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48201157

Authority publication

Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society

Microhippus hemionus bahram

(Pocock, 1947)

Family

Equidae

Root name

bahram

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1910.7.12.2

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/a169682e-a1ec-41ed-89c1-8dbd6a2309ca

Authority page

143

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48201157

Authority publication

Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus (Asinus) hemionus bedfordi

Matschie, 1911

Family

Equidae

Root name

bedfordi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1939.2472

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/d1d3b5ea-4bca-4bcf-b8a7-3067d57d7af2

Authority page

23

Authority publication

Berlin

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Asinus hemionus kulan

(Groves & Mazák, 1967)

Family

Equidae

Root name

kulan

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

NMPr P6V-010698, NMPr P6V-010699

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

343

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48048346

Authority publication

Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde

Equus onager castaneus

Lydekker, 1904

Family

Equidae

Root name

castaneus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

590

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3858624

Authority publication

Novitates Zoologicae

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus hemippus

I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemippus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type kind

syntypes

Authority page

1217

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13835331

Authority publication

Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences

Name usages

  1. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  2. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:unnumbered) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  3. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000578) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)

Asinus Onager

(J. E. Gray, 1852)

Family

Equidae

Root name

onager

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

269

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956682

Authority publication

British Museum Catalogue

Name usages

Gray (1852:269, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956682) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35535)

Equus hemionus blanfordi

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

blanfordi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus hemionus hemionus

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  2. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  3. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Equus hemionus hemippus

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemippus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus hemionus khur

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

khur

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  2. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)

Equus hemionus kulan

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

kulan

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  2. O'Brien, Menninger & Nash (2006:667) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/7321)
  3. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  4. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Equus hemionus onager

Grubb, 2005

Family

Equidae

Root name

onager

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  2. O'Brien, Menninger & Nash (2006:666) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/7321)
  3. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  4. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionus

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

394

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36977072

Authority publication

Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae

Name usages

  1. Fischer (1814:xviii, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130079) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  2. Illiger (1815:63, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11080919) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38688)
  3. Lesson (1827:346, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207813) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  4. Cuvier (1842:4, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518527) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  5. Lesson (1842:166) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  6. Blyth (1863:136, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534817) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  7. Corbet & Hill (1980:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  8. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:309) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  9. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)
  10. Smith & Xie (2008:450) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64149)
  11. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:139) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  12. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  13. Groves & Grubb (2011:15) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  14. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #7951) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  15. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #7951) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  16. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006125) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  17. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7951/166520460) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Equus Asinus ferus

Erxleben, 1777

Family

Equidae

Root name

ferus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

212

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873009

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:212, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873009) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus Hemionos

P. Boddaert, 1785

Family

Equidae

Root name

hemionos

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

159

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230123

Authority publication

Rotterdam

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus Onager

P. Boddaert, 1785

Family

Equidae

Root name

onager

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

160

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230124

Authority publication

Rotterdam

Name usages

  1. Blyth (1863:135, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534816) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  2. Stoliczka (1872:228, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37137944) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67309)
  3. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:309) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  4. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus khur

Lesson, 1827

Family

Equidae

Root name

khur

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

347

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207814

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

  1. Lesson (1827:347, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207814) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  2. Groves & Grubb (2011:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  3. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:unnumbered) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  4. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000579) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)

Asinus hamar

(C. H. Smith, 1841)

Family

Equidae

Root name

hamar

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

351

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33873147

Authority publication

Edinburgh

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Asinus indicus

(P. L. Sclater, 1862)

Family

Equidae

Root name

indicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

163

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31577195

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus indicus

George, 1869

Family

Equidae

Root name

indicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

35, 38

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33284408 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33284411

Authority publication

Annales des sciences naturelles

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus hemionus, var Syriacus

H. Milne-Edwards, 1869

Family

Equidae

Root name

syriacus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

40

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13956530

Authority publication

Nouvelles archives du Muséum d'histoire naturelle

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Asinus Dzigguetai

(J. G. Wood, 1872)

Family

Equidae

Root name

dzigguetai

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

x, 164

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1353024

Authority publication

New York

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus hemionus var. typicus

W. L. Sclater, 1891

Family

Equidae

Root name

typicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

198

Authority publication

book

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus onager var. typicus

W. L. Sclater, 1891

Family

Equidae

Root name

typicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

198

Authority publication

book

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus (Asinus) hemionus finschi

Matschie, 1911

Family

Equidae

Root name

finschi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

24

Authority publication

Berlin

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

Equus (Asinus) hemionus luteus

Matschie, 1911

Family

Equidae

Root name

luteus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

24

Authority publication

Berlin

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/9700)

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