Bos bison

Linnaeus, 1758

American Bison

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Artiodactyla
Suborder : Ruminantia
Infraorder : Pecora
Family : Bovidae
Subfamily : Bovinae
Tribe : Bovini
Genus : Bos

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033883

Original name as described

Bos bison

Other common names

Buffalo · Plains Bison · Wood Bison

Type locality

Mexico (= C Kansas, Quivira). Restricted by Hershkovitz in 1957 to C Kansas, "Quivira."

Biogeographic realm

Nearctic

Country distribution

Canada · United States · Mexico

Subregion distribution

USA(AK,UT,AZ,MT,ID,WY,SD,CA,TX?)

Taxonomy notes

moved from Bison to Bos to retain monophyly within Bos since both species of Bison are phylogenetically embedded within Bos

Taxonomy notes citation

Groves, C. P. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. · Wang, K., Lenstra, J. A., Liu, L., Hu, Q., Ma, T., Qiu, Q., & Liu, J. (2018). Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent. Communications biology, 1(1), 1-9.

IUCN Red List status

Not Evaluated

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006256

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Bison bison athabascae

(Rhoads, 1898)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

athabascae

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

CMN 299

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

498

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1854795

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  2. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Bison bison septemtrionalis

(Figgins, 1933)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

septemtrionalis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

DMNS 1362

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

28

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bison bison haningtoni

(Figgins, 1933)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

haningtoni

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

DMNS:Mamm:2

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://arctos.database.museum/guid/DMNS:Mamm:2

Authority page

30

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  2. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Bison bison oregonus

(V. O. Bailey, 1932)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

oregonus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:250145

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3c0d344dd-e12f-42a7-a596-ddfcfcc5994e

Authority page

48

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35459262

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

  1. Bailey (1936:57, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25805946) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35313)
  2. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  3. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Bison sylvestris

(Hay, 1915)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

sylvestris

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Type

USNM:V:11410

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/321ba6ee9-f67b-4a70-aa0a-dc4e4b812bc3

Authority page

515

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35966353

Authority publication

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos bison athabascæ

Lydekker, 1898

Family

Bovidae

Root name

athabascae

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

90

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370044

Authority publication

London

Name usages

  1. Lydekker (1898:90, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370044) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/40483)
  2. Ward (1910:435, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15016078) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39628)
  3. Lydekker (1913:39, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771726) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)
  4. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:577) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)

Bos bison bison

Lydekker, 1913

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bison

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

38

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771725

Authority publication

British Museum Catalogue

Name usages

  1. Lydekker (1913:38, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771725) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)
  2. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:577) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)

Bison bison

(von Morlot, 1929)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bison

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

60

Authority publication

Mitteilungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Thun

Name usages

  1. Morlot (1929:60) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67257)
  2. Bailey (1936:57, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25805946) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35313)
  3. Wurster & Benirschke (1968:154) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67242)
  4. Corbet & Hill (1980:122) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  5. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:327, 328) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  6. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  7. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2815/123789863) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Bison bison septentrionalis

(Groves & Grubb, 2011)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

septentrionalis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

115

Authority publication

book

Name usages

Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Bos bison

Linnaeus, 1758

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bison

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

72

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033883

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:235, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873032) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Daudin (1802:185, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033435) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64044)
  3. Lesson (1827:395, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207862) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)
  4. Cuvier (1842:5, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518528) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  5. Smith (1842:290) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67141)
  6. Lydekker (1898:79, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370033) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/40483)
  7. Ward (1910:435, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15016078) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39628)
  8. Lydekker (1913:37, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771724) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)
  9. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:577) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  10. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  11. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  12. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #400000058) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  13. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000058) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  14. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006256) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  15. Schmidly, Bradley, Yancey & Bradley (2024:28) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67259)

Bison americanus

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

americanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

notintendedasascientific_name

Authority page

99

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946295

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Hodgson (1847:709, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40126236) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39848)
  2. Gray (1850:49, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47594989) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39734)
  3. Gray (1852:38, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956451) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35535)
  4. Gray (1872:14, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8707758) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38721)
  5. True (1885:592, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306386) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  6. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Taurus crinitus

(Rafinesque, 1817)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

crinitus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

437

Authority publication

American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review

Bos bison typicus

Lydekker, 1898

Family

Bovidae

Root name

typicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum

Authority page

84

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370038

Authority publication

London

Name usages

  1. Lydekker (1898:84, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370038) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/40483)
  2. Ward (1910:435, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15016078) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39628)

Bison americanus pennsylvanicus

(Shoemaker, 1915)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

pennsylvanicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

hypothetical_concept

Authority page

9

Authority publication

Middleburg

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  2. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

Bison bison montanae

(Krumbiegel, 1980)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

montanae

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

148-160

Authority publication

Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen

Name usages

  1. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  2. Groves & Grubb (2011:115) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)

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