Bos bonasus

Linnaeus, 1758

Wisent

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Artiodactyla
Suborder : Ruminantia
Infraorder : Pecora
Family : Bovidae
Subfamily : Bovinae
Tribe : Bovini
Genus : Bos

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033882

Original name as described

Bos bonasus

Other common names

European Bison · European Wisent · Caucasian Wisent · Caucasian Bison · Dombay

Type locality

Africa, Asia. Restricted by Lydekker in 1913 to "Bielowitza, Lithuanis" (Poland, Bialowieza Forest).

Biogeographic realm

Palearctic

Country distribution

Germany · Bulgaria · Belarus · Latvia · Lithuania · Poland · Romania · Russia · Slovakia · Ukraine

Taxonomy notes

moved from Bison to Bos to retain monophyly within Bos since both species of Bison are phylogenetically embedded within Bos; includes caucasicus, which was considered distinct by Groves & Grubb 2011

Taxonomy notes citation

Groves, C. P. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. · Wang, K., Lenstra, J. A., Liu, L., Hu, Q., Ma, T., Qiu, Q., & Liu, J. (2018). Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent. Communications biology, 1(1), 1-9.

IUCN Red List status

Not Evaluated

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006257

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Bison bonasus montanus

(Rautian, Kalabushkin, & Nemtsev, 2000)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

montanus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

NMRA 12128/2

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

637

Authority publication

Doklady Biological Sciences

Bison caucasicus

(Hilzheimer, 1909)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Type

SMNS 5737

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

252

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37184474

Authority publication

Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg

Bos bonasus caucasicus

Turkin & Satunin, 1904

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

ZIN S. 22087

Type kind

lectotype

Authority page

754

Authority publication

book

Name usages

Ward (1910:433, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15016076) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39628)

Bison europaeus

(R. Owen, 1849)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

europaeus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Type kind

holotype

Authority page

126

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12861992

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos ferus

Lesson, 1842

Family

Bovidae

Root name

ferus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

185

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

Lesson (1842:185) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)

Bison Urus

(J. E. Gray, 1846)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

urus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

230

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2319567

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Gray (1846:230, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2319567) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/20141)

Bison Bonassus

(J. E. Gray, 1850)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bonassus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

48

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47594988

Authority publication

Knowsley

Name usages

  1. Gray (1850:48, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47594988) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39734)
  2. Gray (1852:36, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12956449) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35535)
  3. Gray (1872:14, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8707758) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38721)

Bos bonasus bonasus

Lydekker, 1913

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bonasus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

36

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771723

Authority publication

British Museum Catalogue

Name usages

Lydekker (1913:36, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771723) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)

Bos bonasus caucasius

Lydekker, 1913

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasius

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

36

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771723

Authority publication

British Museum Catalogue

Name usages

Lydekker (1913:36, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771723) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)

Bison bonasus

(von Morlot, 1929)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bonasus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

60

Authority publication

Mitteilungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Thun

Name usages

  1. Morlot (1929:60) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67257)
  2. Wurster & Benirschke (1968:154) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67242)
  3. Corbet & Hill (1980:122) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  4. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:328) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  5. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)
  6. O'Brien, Menninger & Nash (2006:611) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/7321)
  7. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2814/45156279) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Bison bonasus bonasus

(Grubb, 2005)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bonasus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

caucasia

(Grubb, 2005)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasia

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

690

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005:690) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bison bonasus caucasicus

(Grubb, 2005)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

kaukasikus

(Grubb, 2005)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

kaukasikus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

690

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Grubb (2005:690) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos caucasicus

Groves & Grubb, 2011

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

114

Authority publication

book

Name usages

  1. Groves & Grubb (2011:114) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  2. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:unnumbered) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  3. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000511) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)

Bos bonasus

Linnaeus, 1758

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bonasus

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

71

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033882

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:233, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873030) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Daudin (1802:185, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033435) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64044)
  3. Lydekker (1898:64, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370014) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/40483)
  4. Ward (1910:433, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15016076) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39628)
  5. Lydekker (1913:35, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21771722) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/39844)
  6. Wilson & Mittermeier (2011:577) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67176)
  7. Groves & Grubb (2011:113) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/30388)
  8. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #400000059) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  9. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #400000059) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  10. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006257) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)

Bos Taurus Urus

Erxleben, 1777

Family

Bovidae

Root name

urus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

228

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873025

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:228, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873025) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos Urus

P. Boddaert, 1785

Family

Bovidae

Root name

urus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

misidentification

Authority page

151

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28230115

Authority publication

Rotterdam

Name usages

  1. Daudin (1802:185, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033435) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64044)
  2. Illiger (1815:63, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11080919) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38688)
  3. Lesson (1827:393, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207860) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)

Bos Taurus ferus

J. F. Gmelin, 1788

Family

Bovidae

Root name

ferus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

202

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25751422

Authority publication

Leipzig

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos bison

C. H. Smith, 1827

Family

Bovidae

Root name

bison

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

398

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33264537

Authority publication

London

Urus nostras

(von Bojanus, 1827)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

nostras

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

413

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37002655

Authority publication

Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bos bonasus caucasicus

Satunin, 1903

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

63

Authority publication

Записки Кавказского отдела Русского географического общества

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bison bonasus var. caucasica

(Grevé, 1906)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

caucasicus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

270

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57592552

Authority publication

Zoologischer Beobachter

Bison bonasus hungarorum

(M. Kretzoi, 1946)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

hungarorum

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

105

Authority publication

Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Bison bonasus armeniacus

(Mejlumjan, 1972)

Family

Bovidae

Root name

armeniacus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

91

Authority publication

Uchenye zapiski Erevanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Estestvennye nauki

Name usages

Grubb (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8535)

Please send any edits, corrections, or unfilled data (including full citations) to mammaldiversity [at] gmail [dot] com.