Vulpes lagopus

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Arctic Fox

Taxonomy

Subclass : Theria
Infraclass : Placentalia
Magnorder : Boreoeutheria
Superorder : Laurasiatheria
Order : Carnivora
Suborder : Caniformia
Infraorder : Canoidea
Family : Canidae
Genus : Vulpes

Species status

Living
Found in the wild
Listed in MSW3 2005

Authority citation

Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.

Authority publication link

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832

Original name as described

Canis lagopus

Other common names

Polar Fox

Type locality

Lapland, Sweden.

Biogeographic realm

Nearctic · Palearctic

Country distribution

Norway · Sweden · Finland · Russia · Iceland · Greenland · Canada · United States

Subregion distribution

USA(AK)

IUCN Red List status

Least Concern

Species Permalink

https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005972

Country distribution map

The map below provides a general overview. Most species inhabit only specific regions within countries. Hover over the highlighted regions to see the country name.

Names and synonyms

Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.

Canis lagopus spitzbergenensis

(Barrett-Hamilton & Bonhote, 1898)

Family

Canidae

Root name

spitzbergenensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

BMNH:Mamm:1896.9.23.3

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/fe3ef1b7-588c-45de-8a06-d4e6cd54c336

Authority page

287

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19365498

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus innuitus

C. H. Merriam, 1902

Family

Canidae

Root name

innuita

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:107626

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/348a793a2-c857-4d75-a2a0-294844553293

Authority page

170

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2365065

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes pribilofensis

C. H. Merriam, 1902

Family

Canidae

Root name

pribilofensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:30651 (= USNM:MAMM:A42624)

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/336a5279b-7196-4c6b-90a5-819ef716f3c4

Authority page

171

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2365066

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Vulpes hallensis

C. H. Merriam, 1900

Family

Canidae

Root name

hallensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:98067

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/33d3c4046-0d25-4f67-b62e-0332257605db

Authority page

15

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8872019

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus ungava

C. H. Merriam, 1902

Family

Canidae

Root name

ungava

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:A23195

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/319a3a1b6-421f-4fcc-b9f4-fea0b1e1a1aa

Authority page

170

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2365065

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes beringensis

C. H. Merriam, 1902

Family

Canidae

Root name

beringensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Type

USNM:MAMM:A47109

Type kind

holotype

Type specimen URI

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/348e7bbbc-2815-499c-a228-bcacba5fa6ef

Authority page

171

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2365066

Authority publication

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes coerulescens

Pallas, 1811

Family

Canidae

Root name

coerulescens

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

51

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29113984

Authority publication

Saint Petersburg

Vulpes caerulescens

C. F. Cuvier, 1842

Family

Canidae

Root name

caerulescens

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Authority page

3

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518526

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

Cuvier (1842:3, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518526) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)

Vulpes lagopus

C. F. Cuvier, 1842

Family

Canidae

Root name

lagopus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

3

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518526

Authority publication

Paris

Name usages

  1. Cuvier (1842:3, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44518526) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/60227)
  2. Lesson (1842:40) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36812)
  3. Blyth (1863:42, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47534670) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/37155)
  4. True (1885:610, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7306404) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/35039)
  5. Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)
  6. Mammal Diversity Database (2018:ID #899) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67336)
  7. Mammal Diversity Database (2019:ID #899) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67337)
  8. Mammal Diversity Database (2024, https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005972) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67250)
  9. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (2024, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/899/57549321) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67246)

Alopex lagopus

(Corbet & J. Edwards Hill, 1980)

Family

Canidae

Root name

lagopus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

92

Authority publication

London

Name usages

  1. Corbet & Hill (1980:92) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63069)
  2. Honacki, Kinman & Koeppl (1982:244) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/63071)
  3. O'Brien, Menninger & Nash (2006:455) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/7321)
  4. Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:436) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Vulpes lagopus beringensis

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

beringensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus fuliginosus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

fuliginosus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus lagopus

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

lagopus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus pribilofensis

Wozencraft, 2005

Family

Canidae

Root name

pribilofensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority publication

Baltimore

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Alopex lagopus beringensis

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

beringensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

436

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:436) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Alopex lagopus fuliginosus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

fuliginosus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

436

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:436) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Alopex lagopus lagopus

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

lagopus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

436

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:436) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Alopex lagopus pribilofensis

(D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2009)

Family

Canidae

Root name

pribilofensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

name_combination

Authority page

436

Authority publication

Barcelona

Name usages

Wilson & Mittermeier (2009:436) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67177)

Canis lagopus

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Family

Canidae

Root name

lagopus

Validity status

species

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

40

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Erxleben (1777:568, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15873365) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36060)
  2. Cuvier (1797:121, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11637203) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38531)
  3. Daudin (1802:160, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033410) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/64044)
  4. Fischer (1814:xii, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130073) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/12226)
  5. Illiger (1815:64, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11080920) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/38688)
  6. Lesson (1827:167, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54207635) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/36839)

Canis fuliginosus

(Bechstein, 1799)

Family

Canidae

Root name

fuliginosa

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

270

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57829873

Authority publication

Weimar

Canis groenlandicus

(Bechstein, 1799)

Family

Canidae

Root name

groenlandica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

270

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57829873

Authority publication

Weimar

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes arctica

Oken, 1816

Family

Canidae

Root name

arctica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

inconsistently_binominal · nomen_novum

Authority page

1033

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59375780

Authority publication

Jena

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis vulpes caerulea

(Nilsson, 1820)

Family

Canidae

Root name

caerulea

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

88

Authority publication

Lund

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Canis lagopus Var. β. argenteus

(Billberg, 1827)

Family

Canidae

Root name

argentea

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

14

Authority publication

Stockholm

Name usages

  1. Billberg (1827:14) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/67228)
  2. Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes isatis

Gloger, 1841

Family

Canidae

Root name

isatis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_nudum

Authority page

66

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13515376

Authority publication

Breslau

Leucocyon lagopus fossilis

(Woldřich, 1878)

Family

Canidae

Root name

fossilis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

144

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7125785

Authority publication

Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Vulpes meridionalis

Woldřich, 1878

Family

Canidae

Root name

meridionalis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

143

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7125784

Authority publication

Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Vulpes moravicus

Woldřich, 1878

Family

Canidae

Root name

moravica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

144

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7125785

Authority publication

Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Canis lagopus typicus

(Barrett-Hamilton & Bonhote, 1898)

Family

Canidae

Root name

typica

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

nomen_novum · preoccupied

Authority page

287

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19365498

Authority publication

Annals and Magazine of Natural History

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus kenaiensis

E. Brass, 1911

Family

Canidae

Root name

kenaiensis

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

preoccupied

Authority page

466

Authority page URI

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14911386

Authority publication

Berlin

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Vulpes lagopus var. beringianus

Suvorov, 1912

Family

Canidae

Root name

beringianus

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

incorrectsubsequentspelling

Alopex beringianus

(Cherski, 1920)

Family

Canidae

Root name

beringiana

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

variant · preoccupied

Authority publication

Tokyo

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

Alopex beringensis semenovi

(Ognev, 1931)

Family

Canidae

Root name

semenovi

Validity status

synonym

Nomenclatural status

available

Authority page

265

Authority publication

Moscow

Name usages

Wozencraft (2005) (information at https://hesperomys.com/a/8533)

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