Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Red Fox
Taxonomy
Subclass | : Theria |
Infraclass | : Placentalia |
Magnorder | : Boreoeutheria |
Superorder | : Laurasiatheria |
Order | : Carnivora |
Suborder | : Caniformia |
Infraorder | : Canoidea |
Family | : Canidae |
Genus | : Vulpes |
Species status
Authority citation
Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.
Authority publication link
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033832Original name as described
Canis Vulpes
Other common names
Silver Fox · Cross Fox
Type locality
Sweden.
Biogeographic realm
Nearctic · Palearctic
Country distribution
Morocco · Algeria · Tunisia · Libya · Egypt · Ireland · United Kingdom · Portugal · Spain · France · Luxembourg · Netherlands · Belgium · Germany · Denmark · Switzerland · Liechtenstein · Italy · Austria · Czech Republic · Poland · Slovakia · Hungary · Slovenia · Croatia · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Serbia · Kosovo · Albania · Montenegro · North Macedonia · Greece · Bulgaria · Romania · Moldova · Ukraine · Belarus · Lithuania · Latvia · Estonia · Norway · Sweden · Finland · Russia · Georgia · Armenia · Azerbaijan · Turkey · Syria · Lebanon · Israel · Palestine · Jordan · Saudi Arabia · Oman · Yemen · United Arab Emirates · Qatar · Iraq · Kuwait · Iran · Turkmenistan · Uzbekistan · Kazakhstan · Kyrgyzstan · Tajikistan · Afghanistan · Pakistan · Mongolia · China · North Korea · South Korea · Japan · India · Nepal · Bhutan · Bangladesh · Myanmar · Canada · Greenland · United States
Subregion distribution
USA(AL,AK,AZ,AR,CA,CO,CT,DE,DC,FL,GA,ID,IL,IN,IA,KS,KY,LA,ME,MD,MA,MI,MN,MS,MO,MT,NE,NV,NH,NJ,NM,NY,NC,ND,OH,OK,OR,PA,RI,SC,SD,TN,TX,UT,VT,VA,WA,WV,WI,WY)
Taxonomy notes
some publications have recognized two distinct species of red fox, V. vulpes from the Palearctic and northwestern Nearctic and V. fulva from the rest of the Nearctic; however, this arrangement leaves Palearctic V. vulpes paraphyletic, since some archaic clades of Palearctic red fox (from West Asia and North Africa primarily) are sister to the Eurasian + North American clades; the second North American species (fulva) is tentatively retained under V. vulpes here pending further studies investigating the position of the archaic Eurasian clades
Taxonomy notes citation
Statham, M. J., Murdoch, J., Janecka, J., Aubry, K. B., Edwards, C. J., Soulsbury, C. D., ... & Sacks, B. N. (2014). Range‐wide multilocus phylogeography of the red fox reveals ancient continental divergence, minimal genomic exchange and distinct demographic histories. Molecular Ecology, 23(19), 4813-4830. · Sacks, B. N., Lounsberry, Z. T., & Statham, M. J. (2018). Nuclear genetic analysis of the red fox across its trans-Pacific range. Journal of Heredity, 109(5), 573-584.
IUCN Red List status
Least Concern
Species Permalink
https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005977Country distribution map
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Names and synonyms
Present and past (if available) associated names to the species. Click on a name to view its details. If the list is long, scroll down to see more.
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